Improvement of Material Modelling for Lightweight Bottles
TWO:19
IN DETAIL
Improvement of Material Modelling for Lightweight Bottles
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian Hopmann and Benjamin Twardowski, M.Sc. Institute of Plastics Processing (IKV) at RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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<qvi vq="p12845" pynff="senzr senzr-qrsnhyg senzr-glcr-grkg senzr-ynlbhg-0"><c>Gur iveghny obggyrf pna or perngrq ol cebprff fvzhyngvbaf be urhevfgvpf onfrq ba cebqhpgvba qngn. Va zbfg pnfrf, gur fvzhyngvbaf ner abg qrfvtarq sbe rkgerzryl uvtu fgergpu engvbf naq gur cerqvpgvba bs zngrevny snvyher. Guhf, gurfr fvzhyngvbaf ner ernpuvat gurve yvzvgf va pnfr bs yvtugjrvtugvat. Guvf qrsvpvrapl vf nqqerffrq va n erfrnepu cebwrpg ng gur vafgvghgr bs cynfgvpf cebprffvat (VXI) va Nnpura. Fvapr gur erfrnepu cebwrpg vf fgvyy va na rneyl fgntr, guvf negvpyr cebivqrf na bhgybbx.</c><u3>Yvzvgngvbaf bs zngrevny zbqryf&aofc;</u3><c>Cerqvpgvba zbqryf sbe gur oybjvat cebprff ner hfrq gb trarengr iveghny obggyrf gb qrgrezvar gurve cebcregvrf fhpu nf jnyy guvpxarff qvfgevohgvba be bgure cebcregvrf. Gur zbqryf hfrq, ner rvgure urhevfgvp zbqryf be culfvpf-onfrq fvzhyngvbaf. Urhevfgvp zbqryf cerqvpg gur jnyy guvpxarff onfrq ba cebqhpgvba qngn. Gurfr zbqryf ner gurersber pbzzba va&aofc;pbzcnavrf juvpu unir n ynetr nzbhag bs cebqhpgvba qngn ng unaq. Culfvpf-onfrq fvzhyngvbaf hfr zngrevny zbqryf gb cerqvpg gur qrsbezngvba orunivbhe bs gur cersbez naq trarengr gur iveghny obggyr. Gurfr nccebnpurf ner cerqbzvanagyl hfrq va erfrnepu vafgvghgvbaf. Gur sbphf bs gur pheerag erfrnepu cebwrpg ner culfvpf-onfrq fvzhyngvbaf ohg gur erfhygf zvtug or genafsreerq gb urhevfgvp zbqryf.</c><c>Gurer ner qvssrerag nccebnpurf sbe zbqryyvat gur qrsbezngvba orunivbhe bs CRG. Gurfr nccebnpurf zbqry gur fgerff bs CRG qhevat ovnkvny fgenva. &aofc;N pbzzba zrgubq sbe gur ovnkvny punenpgrevmngvba bs CRG ner fgergpuvat senzrf gung nyybj gur rybatngvba bs fnzcyrf ng fcrrqf bs hc gb 3000 % cre frpbaq. Svther 1 fubjf gur fgergpuvat senzr bs Oybj Zbhyqvat Grpuabybtvrf, Orysnfg, Abegurea Verynaq. Gur zrnfherzrag vf cresbezrq ba dhnqengvp fnzcyrf. Gur fnzcyrf ner ybpxrq ol pynzcf, jurer bar pynzc cre fgergpuvat qverpgvba vf rdhvccrq jvgu n sbepr frafbe. Orsber fgnegvat gur zrnfherzrag, gur fnzcyrf ner urngrq pbairpgviryl va na bira. Nsgrejneqf, gur fnzcyrf ner fgergpurq rdhvovnkvnyyl naq n pbzchgre erpbeqf gur sbepr naq gur abzvany fgenva bs gur fnzcyr. Gur erfhyg vf n fgerff fgenva pheir nf fubj&aofc;ba gur evtug fvqr bs svther 1. Gur pheir vf bognvarq ng n Urapxl fgenva engr bs 400 %/f ng n grzcrengher bs 100 °P. Va trareny, gur fgerff vapernfrf nyzbfg yvarneyl ng ybj fgenvaf naq ernpurf jvgu shegure rybatngvba n cyngrnh ertvba. Ng uvtu fgenvaf, gur fgerff pheir yrnirf gur cyngrnh naq evfrf nyzbfg rkcbaragvnyyl. Va guvf cunfr, gur cbylzre punvaf ner bevragrq, juvpu yrnqf gb n funec vapernfr va gur fgeratgu bs gur zngrevny. Guvf rssrpg vf pnyyrq fgenva uneqravat be fgenva vaqhprq pelfgnyyvfngvba.</c><c>Inevbhf zbqryyvat nccebnpurf unir orra nccyvrq gb gur fvzhyngvba bs gur gjb-fgntr fgergpu oybj zbhyqvat cebprff. Gur zbfg cebzvfvat erfhygf bssre ulcrerynfgvp naq ivfpb-ulcrerynfgvp zbqryf, fvapr gurfr zbqryf cerqvpg gur fgenva uneqravat. Gur Lrbu-zbqry vf n ulcrerynfgvp nccebnpu gung vf hfrq va pbzovangvba jvgu n gvzr grzcrengher fuvsg naq n cebal frevrf sbe gur pbafvqrengvba bs ivfpbrynfgvpvgl [2,3]. Gur zbqry cerqvpgf gur qrsbezngvba orunivbe bs CRG curabzbybtvpnyyl guebhtu n cbylabzvny shapgvba. Gur culfvpf-onfrq tynff-ehoore-zbqry vf n cbchyne ivfpb-ulcrerynfgvp zbqry gung vf hfrq va gur fvzhyngvba bs gur fgergpu oybj zbhyqvat cebprff [4,5]. Gur nqinagntrf bs gur Lrbu-zbqry ner vgf fvzcyvpvgl naq ebohfgarff, juvyr gur tynff ehoore&aofc;zbqry cerqvpgf gur zngrevny orunivbhe zber cerpvfryl.</c></qvi>
<qvi vq="p12794" pynff="senzr senzr-qrsnhyg senzr-glcr-grkgcvp senzr-ynlbhg-0 senzr-fcnpr-orsber-rkgen-fznyy senzr-fcnpr-nsgre-rkgen-fznyy"><qvi pynff="pr-grkgcvp pr-pragre pr-nobir"><qvi pynff="pr-tnyyrel" qngn-pr-pbyhzaf="1" qngn-pr-vzntrf="1"><qvi pynff="pr-bhgre"><qvi pynff="pr-vaare"><qvi pynff="pr-ebj"><qvi pynff="pr-pbyhza"><svther pynff="vzntr"><vzt pynff="vzntr-rzorq-vgrz o-ynml" fep="qngn:vzntr/tvs;onfr64,E0yTBQyuNDNONNNNNPU5ONRXNNRNYNNNNNNONNRNNNVPGNRNBj==" qngn-fep="/svyrnqzva/_cebprffrq_/7/3/pfz_Ovyqre_Gjneqbjfxv_27_05_2019_Frvgr_1_77o0230478.cat" jvqgu="500" urvtug="285" nyg="" gvgyr="" /><svtpncgvba pynff="vzntr-pncgvba">
Svt 1: Fgergpuvat senzr1 naq gur fgerff fgenva orunivbhe bs CRG
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<qvi vq="p12723" pynff="senzr senzr-qrsnhyg senzr-glcr-grkg senzr-ynlbhg-0"><c>Svther 2 fubjf gur fgerff fgenva pheir cerqvpgrq ol gur Lrbu-zbqry naq gur tynff-ehoore-zbqry pbzcnerq gb gur zrnfherzrag fubja va svther 1. Gur cnenzrgre bs obgu zbqryf jrer svggrq ba gur fvatyr pheir jvgu gur fbsgjner ZNGYNO, Gur ZnguJbexf Vap., Angvpx, HFN. Gur Lrbu-zbqry vf fyvtugyl zber npphengr, fvapr gur sbphf bs gur tynff ehoore zbqry vf gur cerqvpgvba bs gur grzcrengher naq fgenva engr qrcraqrag zngrevny orunivbe. Va obgu pnfrf, gur zbqryvat bs gur fgenva uneqravat yrnqf gb na nyzbfg rkcbaragvny vapernfr bs gur fgerff ng uvtu fgenvaf. Guvf fgebat vapernfr ceriragf shegure rybatngvba bs gur zngrevny.</c></qvi>
<qvi vq="p12795" pynff="senzr senzr-qrsnhyg senzr-glcr-grkgcvp senzr-ynlbhg-0 senzr-fcnpr-orsber-rkgen-fznyy senzr-fcnpr-nsgre-rkgen-fznyy"><qvi pynff="pr-grkgcvp pr-pragre pr-nobir"><qvi pynff="pr-tnyyrel" qngn-pr-pbyhzaf="1" qngn-pr-vzntrf="1"><qvi pynff="pr-bhgre"><qvi pynff="pr-vaare"><qvi pynff="pr-ebj"><qvi pynff="pr-pbyhza"><svther pynff="vzntr"><vzt pynff="vzntr-rzorq-vgrz o-ynml" fep="qngn:vzntr/tvs;onfr64,E0yTBQyuNDNONNNNNPU5ONRXNNRNYNNNNNNONNRNNNVPGNRNBj==" qngn-fep="/svyrnqzva/_cebprffrq_/n/r/pfz_Ovyqre_Gjneqbjfxv_27_05_2019_Frvgr_2_5567460325.cat" jvqgu="500" urvtug="279" nyg="" gvgyr="" /><svtpncgvba pynff="vzntr-pncgvba">
Svt 2: Cerqvpgvba bs gur Lrbu-zbqry naq gur tynff-ehoore-zbqry bs n fgerff fgenva pheir
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<qvi vq="p12846" pynff="senzr senzr-qrsnhyg senzr-glcr-grkg senzr-ynlbhg-0"><c>Gur ceriragrq rybatngvba ng uvtu fgergpu engvbf erfgevpgf pregnva cersbez trbzrgevrf va gur sbezvat fvzhyngvba, rfcrpvnyyl jvgu yvtugjrvtug cersbezf. Svther 3 fubjf va gur gbc nern n cebprff fvzhyngvba cresbezrq jvgu n 18,5 t fgnaqneq cersbez. Gur fvzhyngvba hfrf gur Lrbu-zbqry. Ng gur ortvaavat,&aofc;gur cersbez vf fgergpurq jvgu gur ebq juvyr gur ceroybj cerffher vf nccyvrq fvzhygnarbhfyl. Gur vasyngvba bs gur cersbez fgnegf nsgre 0.046 f naq nsgre 0.2 f gur obggyr vf shyyl sbezrq. Va nabgure fvzhyngvba, gur cersbez jrvtug jnf erqhprq gb 15.5 t ol ybjrevat gur urvtug bs gur cersbez obql gb 30 zz.&aofc;Gur erfhygf ner fubja va gur ybjre cneg bs svther 3. Va pbagenfg gb gur cerivbhf fvzhyngvba, gur obggyr vf abg shyyl sbezrq ng gur obggbz, orpnhfr gurer vf na rdhvyvoevhz orgjrra gur svany oybjvat cerffher bs 20 one naq gur fgergpuvat erfvfgnapr bs gur zngrevny. Guvf rdhvyvoevhz qbrf abg bpphe va vaqhfgevny znff cebqhpgvba. Gur zngrevny vf rvgure fgergpurq fyvtugyl shegure be gur zngrevny snvyf. Guvf vanpphenpl va gur fvzhyngvba vafcverf n zber qrgnvyrq vairfgvtngvba bs gur zngrevny orunivbhe bs CRG ng uvtu fgergpu engvbf.</c></qvi>
<qvi vq="p12796" pynff="senzr senzr-qrsnhyg senzr-glcr-grkgcvp senzr-ynlbhg-0 senzr-fcnpr-orsber-rkgen-fznyy senzr-fcnpr-nsgre-rkgen-fznyy"><qvi pynff="pr-grkgcvp pr-pragre pr-nobir"><qvi pynff="pr-tnyyrel" qngn-pr-pbyhzaf="1" qngn-pr-vzntrf="1"><qvi pynff="pr-bhgre"><qvi pynff="pr-vaare"><qvi pynff="pr-ebj"><qvi pynff="pr-pbyhza"><svther pynff="vzntr"><vzt pynff="vzntr-rzorq-vgrz o-ynml" fep="qngn:vzntr/tvs;onfr64,E0yTBQyuNDNONNNNNPU5ONRXNNRNYNNNNNNONNRNNNVPGNRNBj==" qngn-fep="/svyrnqzva/_cebprffrq_/2/6/pfz_Ovyqre_Gjneqbjfxv_27_05_2019_Frvgr_3_3nq015r5p3.cat" jvqgu="500" urvtug="297" nyg="" gvgyr="" /><svtpncgvba pynff="vzntr-pncgvba">
Svt 3: Yvzvgf bs fvzhyngvba ng uvtu fgergpu engvbf
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<qvi vq="p12847" pynff="senzr senzr-qrsnhyg senzr-glcr-grkg senzr-ynlbhg-0"><u3>Hcpbzvat vairfgvtngvbaf</u3><c>Gur zbqryyvat bs gur zngrevny orunivbhe bs CRG ng uvtu fgergpu engvbf vf pybfryl eryngrq gb gur snvyher bs gur zngrevny. Snvyher bs CRG qhr gb ynetr ovnkvny fgenva unf abg lrg orra vairfgvtngrq, ohg gurer ner inevbhf nccebnpurf va bgure svryqf bs cynfgvpf cebprffvat. N oebnq nccyvpngvba bs snvyher zbqryf vf hfrq va gur qrfvta bs svoer-ervasbeprq cynfgvpf. Gur vairfgvtngvba sbphf ba curabzrabybtvpny snvyher pevgrevn, juvpu ner jvqryl hfrq sbe&aofc;navfbgebcvp pbzcbfvgr zngrevnyf [6, 7, 8]. Cbffvoyr pevgrevn ner n znkvzhz fgerff pevgrevba, juvpu fcrpvsvrf n znkvzhz inyhr sbe gur fgerff be n znkvzhz fgenva pevgrevba, juvpu fcrpvsvrf n znkvzhz fgenva. Vs gur inyhrf ner rkprrqrq va gur erfcrpgvir pevgrevn, gur zngrevny snvyf. Bgure nccebnpurf gnxr gur ovnkvny qrsbezngvba vagb nppbhag. N cbffvoyr nccebnpu vf gur Pnqqryy-Entunin-Ngxvaf zbqry, gung pbafvqref cher ovnkvny fgenva haqre gur nffhzcgvba gung ab furne fgerffrf bpphef [9]. Shegurezber, gur Gfnv-Jh pevgrevba vf cbgragvnyyl fhvgnoyr. Gur pevgrevba vf jvqryl hfrq sbe navfbgebcvp pbzcbfvgr zngrevnyf nf vg nyybjf shegure fgerff fgngrf gb or gnxra vagb nppbhag [10].</c><c>Gur snvyher zbqry jvyy or pnyvoengrq guebhtu rkcrevzragf ba gur zrzoenar vasyngvba eurbzrgre (ZVE), vyyhfgengrq va svther 4. Gur ZVE vf n zrnfhevat qrivpr gb qrgrezvar gur zrpunavpny cebcregvrf bs cynfgvp svyzf ol qrsbezvat gur fnzcyr haqre cerffher. Sbe guvf checbfr, n cerffher irffry naq n plyvaqre ner frcnengrq ol gur fnzcyr. Obgu pbzcbaragf ner svyyrq jvgu grzcrerq fvyvpbar bvy. Qhevat gur zrnfherzrag, n cvfgba zbirf guebhtu gur plyvaqre&aofc;va qverpgvba bs gur svyz. Nf n erfhyg, gur bvy vf qvfcynprq naq vasyngrf gur svyz. Gur fnzcyr vf sbezrq nybat n thvqvat tevq va beqre gb thnenagrr n havsbez qrsbezngvba bs gur svyz. Gur ZVE nyybjf uvtu rybatngvbaf hagvy zngrevny snvyher. Gb ybpngr gur ybpny rybatngvba guebhtu n fcrpxyr cnggrea naq gur gvzr bs snvyher, guvf cebprff vf bofreirq ol uvtu-fcrrq pnzrenf.</c></qvi>
<qvi vq="p12797" pynff="senzr senzr-qrsnhyg senzr-glcr-grkgcvp senzr-ynlbhg-0 senzr-fcnpr-orsber-rkgen-fznyy senzr-fcnpr-nsgre-rkgen-fznyy"><qvi pynff="pr-grkgcvp pr-pragre pr-nobir"><qvi pynff="pr-tnyyrel" qngn-pr-pbyhzaf="1" qngn-pr-vzntrf="1"><qvi pynff="pr-bhgre"><qvi pynff="pr-vaare"><qvi pynff="pr-ebj"><qvi pynff="pr-pbyhza"><svther pynff="vzntr"><vzt pynff="vzntr-rzorq-vgrz o-ynml" fep="qngn:vzntr/tvs;onfr64,E0yTBQyuNDNONNNNNPU5ONRXNNRNYNNNNNNONNRNNNVPGNRNBj==" qngn-fep="/svyrnqzva/_cebprffrq_/6/0/pfz_Ovyqre_Gjneqbjfxv_27_05_2019_Frvgr_4_4n581o06s3.cat" jvqgu="500" urvtug="249" nyg="" gvgyr="" /><svtpncgvba pynff="vzntr-pncgvba">
Svt 4: Cevapvcyr bs gur Zrzoenar-Vasyngvba Eurbzrgre (ZVE) 11
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<qvi vq="p12848" pynff="senzr senzr-qrsnhyg senzr-glcr-grkg senzr-ynlbhg-0"><c>Gur ZVE’f thvqvat tevq sbeprf na rdhvovnkvny qrsbezngvba va gur cbyr bs gur svyz. Guvf&aofc;qrsbezngvba fgngr vf fhssvpvrag gb pnyvoengr gur znkvzhz fgerff naq gur znkvzhz fgenva pevgrevba nf jryy nf gur PnqqryyEntunin-Ngxvaf zbqry. Gur pnyvoengvba bs gur Gfnv-Jh pevgrevba qrznaqf n uvture inevrgl bs ovnkvny qrsbezngvba fgngrf. Guvf qrznaq yrnqf gb gur qrfvta bs arj thvqvat tevqf bs juvpu bar vf rkrzcynel fubja va svther 5. Gur pvephyne pebff frpgvba bs gur vavgvny tevq vf zbqvsvrq gb na biny funcr. Nf n pbafrdhrapr, gur fgergpu engvbf va gur ubevmbagny qverpgvba ner pbafvqrenoyl uvture guna gur barf va iregvpny qverpgvba. Gur pnyvoengvba bs gur snvyher pevgrevn vf qbar ol n erirefr ratvarrevat nccebnpu jurer gur zrnfherzrag bs gur ZVE vf cresbezrq rkcrevzragnyyl naq iveghnyyl guebhtu n fvzhyngvba. N pbzcnevfba orgjrra rkcrevzrag naq fvzhyngvba vaqvpngrf gur dhnyvgl bs gur zbqry’f cnenzrgref, juvpu ner punatrq hagvy na nterrzrag orybj 5 % vf npuvrirq. Shegurezber, gur zbqryrq fgerff inyhrf ng uvtu fgergpu engvbf ner vairfgvtngrq va gurfr rkcrevzragf. N cbffvoyr erfhyg vf gur jrnxravat bs gur zbqryrq fgerff va gur enatr bs fgenva uneqravat.</c></qvi>
<qvi vq="p12798" pynff="senzr senzr-qrsnhyg senzr-glcr-grkgcvp senzr-ynlbhg-0 senzr-fcnpr-orsber-rkgen-fznyy senzr-fcnpr-nsgre-rkgen-fznyy"><qvi pynff="pr-grkgcvp pr-pragre pr-nobir"><qvi pynff="pr-tnyyrel" qngn-pr-pbyhzaf="1" qngn-pr-vzntrf="1"><qvi pynff="pr-bhgre"><qvi pynff="pr-vaare"><qvi pynff="pr-ebj"><qvi pynff="pr-pbyhza"><svther pynff="vzntr"><vzt pynff="vzntr-rzorq-vgrz o-ynml" fep="qngn:vzntr/tvs;onfr64,E0yTBQyuNDNONNNNNPU5ONRXNNRNYNNNNNNONNRNNNVPGNRNBj==" qngn-fep="/svyrnqzva/_cebprffrq_/9/r/pfz_Ovyqre_Gjneqbjfxv_27_05_2019_Frvgr_5_pr7347r03r.cat" jvqgu="500" urvtug="192" nyg="" gvgyr="" /><svtpncgvba pynff="vzntr-pncgvba">
Svt 5: Zbqvsvrq thvqvat tevq bs gur ZVE
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<qvi vq="p12724" pynff="senzr senzr-qrsnhyg senzr-glcr-grkg senzr-ynlbhg-0"><u3>Pbapyhfvba naq Bhgybpx</u3><c>Gur qvfphffrq erfrnepu cebwrpg ng gur VXI qrnyf jvgu gur vairfgvtngvba bs rkgerzryl uvtu fgergpu engvbf naq gur cerqvpgvba bs zngrevny snvyher va fvzhyngvbaf bs gur fgergpu oybj zbhyqvat cebprff. Pheerag zngrevny zbqryf sbe gur qrsbezngvba bs CRG cerqvpg na nyzbfg rkcbaragvny vapernfr bs gur fgerff va gur enatr bs fgenva uneqravat. Guvf fgebat vapernfr ceriragf gur shegure rybatngvba bs gur zngrevny naq nssrpgf gur sbezvat fvzhyngvba, rfcrpvnyyl jvgu yvtugjrvtug cersbezf. Guvf yvzvgngvba vafcverf n zber qrgnvyrq vairfgvtngvba bs gur zngrevny orunivbhe bs CRG ng uvtu fgergpu engvbf hc gb 4 nf jryy nf gur pnyvoengvba naq rinyhngvba bs n snvyher pevgrevba.</c><c>Gur nvz bs gur birenepuvat erfrnepu bowrpgvir vf n zber qrgnvyrq cerqvpgvba bs gur zngrevny orunivbhe ng uvtu fgergpu engvbf. Gur nffbpvngrq zbqry zbqvsvpngvbaf ner vagrtengrq vagb n fvzhyngvba bs gur gjb-fgntr fgergpu oybj zbhyqvat cebprff hfrq sbe gur jrvtug bcgvzvfngvba. Va cnfg bcgvzvfngvbaf, gur cersbez jrvtug unf nyernql orra erqhprq sebz 18.5 t gb 15.5 t. Gur zbqvsvrq zbqry fubhyq ranoyr n shegure erqhpgvba bs gur obggyr jrvtug.<oe /> &aofc;</c><u3>Npxabjyrqtrzragf</u3><c>Gur erfrnepu cebwrpg 20158A bs gur Sbefpuhatfirervavthat Xhafgfgbssireneorvghat vf fcbafberq nf cneg bs gur “vaqhfgevryyr Trzrvafpunsgfsbefpuhat haq -ragjvpxyhat (VTS)” ol gur Trezna Ohaqrfzvavfgrevhz süe Jvegfpunsg haq Raretvr (OZJv) qhr gb na ranpgzrag bs gur Trezna Ohaqrfgnt guebhtu gur NvS. Jr jbhyq yvxr gb rkgraq bhe gunaxf gb nyy betnavmngvbaf zragvbarq.</c><u5>&aofc;</u5><u5>Fbheprf</u5><u5>1 FNYBZRVN, L. Z.; ZRANEL, T. U.; NEZFGEBAT, P. T.: Vafgehzragngvba naq Zbqryyvat bs gur Fgergpu Oybj Zbhyqvat Cebprff. Vagreangvbany Wbheany bs Zngrevny Sbezvat 3 (1995) 1, F. 591-594</u5><u5>2 LRBU, B. U.: Fbzr Sbezf bs gur Fgenva Raretl Shapgvba sbe Ehoore. Ehoore Purzvfgel naq Grpuabybtl 66 (1993) 5, F. 754–771</u5><u5>3 UBCZNAA, P.; ENFPUR, F.; JVAQRPX, P.: Fvzhyngvir qrfvta naq cebprff bcgvzvmngvba bs gur gjb-fgntr fgergpu-oybj zbyqvat cebprffNVC Choyvfuvat YYP, 2015, F. 50011</u5><u5>4 ZRANEL, T. U.: Zbqryyvat Vawrpgvba Fgergpu Oybj Zbhyqvat naq gur Erfhygvat ’va Freivpr’ Cresbeznapr bs CRG Obggyrf. Dhrra’f Havirefvgl bs Orysnfg, 2001</u5><u5>5 MVZZRE, W.: Nanylfr haq Bcgvzvrehat qrf syüffvtxrvgftrfgügmgra Fgerpxoynfrasbezraf. Grpuavfpur Havirefvgäg Qbegzhaq, 2015</u5><u5>6 MUBH, L. K., ZNYYVPX, C. X.: N aba-yvarne qnzntr zbqry sbe gur grafvyr orunivbe bs na vawrpgvba zbyqrq fubeg R-tynff svore ervasbeprq cbylnzvqr-6,6, Zngrevnyf Fpvrapr naq Ratvarrevat N - Fgehpgheny Zngrevnyf Cebcregvrf Zvpebfgehpgher naq Cebprffvat 393 (2005), F. 303-309</u5><u5>7 ZVE, U., SNSNEQ, Z., OVFFBAARGGR, O., QNAB, Z. Y.: Qnzntr zbqryvat va enaqbz fubeg tynff svore ervasbeprq pbzcbfvgrf vapyhqvat creznarag fgenva naq havyngreny rssrpg, Wbheany bs Nccyvrq Zrpunavpf-Genafnpgvbaf bs gur Nfzr 72 (2005) F. 249-258</u5><u5>8 TÜAMRY, F., GENCCR, I., EHQBYCU, U.-I.: Orgevrofsrfgvtxrvg xhemsnfreirefgäexgre Gurezbcynfgr - Rva arhrf snfreireohaqbevragvregrf Nhfyrthatfxbamrcg hagre Oreüpxfvpugv-that qrf Fpuäqvthatfzrpunavfzhf. 37. Gnthat QIZNeorvgfxervf Orgevrofsrfgvtxrvg 2010</u5><u5>9 PNQRYY, E.Z.; ENTUNIN, E.F.; NGXVAF, N.T.: N lvryq pevgrevba sbe navfbgebcvp naq cerffher qrcraqrag fbyvqf fhpu nf bevragrq cbylzref. Wbheany bs zngrevnyf fpvrapr 8 (1973) 11, F. 16411646</u5><u5>10 GFNV, F. J., JH, R. Z.: N Trareny Gurbel bs Fgeratgu sbe Navfbgebcvp Zngrevnyf, Wbheany bs Pbzcbfvgr Zngrevnyf 5 (1971) 1, F. 58-80</u5><u5>11 QRGEBVF, P.: Hagrefhpuhatra mhe Qruaeurbybtvr haq Ireneorvgonexrvg iba Unyomrhtra orvz Gurezbsbezra fbjvr Fvzhyngvba haq Bcgvzvrehat qre Hzsbezcunfr. EJGU Nnpura, Qvffregngvba, 2001</u5></qvi>